Tham khảo Chiến_tranh_nha_phiến_lần_thứ_nhất

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Martin, Robert Montgomery (1847). China: Political, Commercial, and Social; In an Official Report to Her Majesty's Government. Volume 2. London: James Madden. pp. 80–82.
  2. ↑ The Chinese Repository, vol. 12, p. 248.
  3. ↑ Bate 1952, p. 174.
  4. ↑ Mao 2016, pp. 50–53.
  5. ↑ Rait, Robert S. (1903). The Life and Campaigns of Hugh, First Viscount Gough, Field-Marshal. Volume 1. p. 265.
  6. ↑ Makeham, John (2008). China: The World's Oldest Living Civilization Revealed. Thames & Hudson. tr. 331. ISBN 978-0-500-25142-3. 
  7. ↑ Fay (2000) p. 73
  8. ↑ Teng & Fairbank 1979, tr. 23.
  9. ↑ Farooqui, Amar (tháng 3 năm 2005). Smuggling as Subversion: Colonialism, Indian Merchants, and the Politics of Opium, 1790–1843. Lexington Books. ISBN 0-7391-0886-7. 
  10. ↑ Steve Tsang, A modern history of Hong Kong (2007) p. 3-13"
  11. ↑ Tsang, A modern history of Hong Kong p. 29.
  12. ↑
  13. ↑ Gray 2002, tr. 22–23.
  14. ↑ Carrera Stampa, Manuel. "La Nao de la China." Historia Mexicana 9 no. 33 (1959) 97–118.
  15. ↑ Goldstone, Jack A. (2016). Revolution and Rebellion in the Early Modern World: Population Change and State Breakdown in England, France, Turkey, and China, 1600–1850; 25th Anniversary Edition (bằng tiếng Anh). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-315-40860-6. 
  16. ↑ Charles C. Mann (2011) pp. 123–163
  17. ↑ Spence (1999) pp. 120
  18. 1 2 Spence 1999, tr. 120.
  19. ↑ Bernstein, William J. (2008). A splendid exchange: how trade shaped the world. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press. tr. 286. ISBN 978-0-87113-979-5. 
  20. 1 2 Van Dyke, Paul A. (2005). The Quảng Châu trade: life and enterprise on the China coast, 1700–1845. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. tr. 6–9. ISBN 962-209-749-9. 
  21. ↑ Hucker, Charles O. (1958). "Governmental Organization of the Ming Dynasty". Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies. Harvard-Yenching Institute: 38.
  22. ↑ Alain Peyrefitte, The Immobile Empire – The first great collision of East and West – the astonishing history of Britain's grand, ill-fated expedition to open China to Western Trade, 1792–94 (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1992), pp. 520–545
  23. ↑ Fay (2000) pp. 38–45, 55–54, 60–68
  24. ↑ Fay (2000) pp. 62–64
  25. 1 2 Fay (2000) p. 65
  26. ↑ Early American Trade, BBC
  27. ↑ Fu, Lo-shu (1966). A Documentary Chronicle of Sino-Western relations, Volume 1. tr. 380. 
  28. ↑ Correspondence Relating to China 1840, p. 449
  29. ↑ Rebecca Berens Matzke (2011). Deterrence Through Strength: British Naval Power and Foreign Policy Under Pax Britannica. U of Nebraska Press. tr. 108–112. 
  30. 1 2 “Palmerston to Emperor – Feb, 1840 | china's external relations – a history”. www.chinaforeignrelations.net (bằng tiếng Anh). Truy cập ngày 20 tháng 7 năm 2017. 
  31. ↑
  32. ↑ Tsang 2004, p. 29
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